A C - 2 5 1 0 0 WESTERN DIGITAL Native| Translation ------+-----+-----+----- Form 3.5"/SLIMLINE Cylinders |10672| | Capacity form/unform 5163/ MB Heads | 15| | Seek time / track 9.5/ ms Sector/track | 63| | Controller IDE / ATA3 Precompensation Cache/Buffer KB Landing Zone Data transfer rate MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512 MB/S ext UDMA Recording method operating | non-operating -------------+-------------- Supply voltage Temperature *C | Power: sleep W Humidity % | standby W Altitude km | idle W Shock g | seek W Rotation RPM read/write W Acoustic dBA spin-up W ECC Bit MTBF h Warranty Month Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates ********************************************************************** L A Y O U T ********************************************************************** WESTERN CAVIAR INSTALLATION GUIDE 79-850086-003 SO225 11/98 +---------------------------------------------------------+ | |XX | |XX J2 | |XX Inter- | |XX face | |XX | |.X | |XX | |XX | |XX | |XX | |X1 | |+-+ | || |J8 | |+-1 | |XX Power | |XX J3 +---------------------------------------------------------+ 1 ********************************************************************** J U M P E R S ********************************************************************** WESTERN CAVIAR INSTALLATION GUIDE 79-850086-003 SO225 11/98 Jumper Settings =============== Western Digital hard drives have a jumper block (J8) located next to the 40-pin IDE connector on the hard drive. These jumpers select options on the hard drive. Your hard drive may have either a 6-pin or 10-pin jumper block. The first 6 pins on each jumper block are identical. The additional four pins on the 10-pin jumper block are reserved for future enhancements. The Western Digital hard drive is factory set for single drive installation with a jumper in the neutral storage position (across pins 5-3 or 6-4). The Cable Select jumper option is usually not required. It needs special support in your system hardware. Single Hard Drive Installations ------------------------------- If installing your new Western Digital hard drive as the only hard drive in your system, leave the jumper in the neutral storage position for possible future use. Jumpers are not required for single hard drive installations. Dual Hard Drive Installations ----------------------------- If installing your new Western Digital hard drive with an existing drive on the same IDE interface cable, use a jumper to designate the master (C:) and the slave (D:) drive. Neutral storage placement in this position, the jumper has no effect on hard drive operation. If installing your new Western Digital hard drive with an existing drive on separate IDE interface cables, leave the jumper in the neutral storage position for possible future use. The system recognizes each drive as a single, stand-alone drive. Master/slave jumper settings are only used when there are two devices on the same IDE interface cable. Note for Apple Users: Apple systems do not support master/slave configurations. You can only install one EIDE hard drive to each port. This jumper should be repositioned to select the following options: - To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the master drive in a two-drive system, place the jumper on pins 5-6. - To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the slave drive in a two-drive system, place the jumper on pins 3-4. If installing your new Western Digital hard drive with a non-Western Digital hard drive, obtain jumper configuration information from the EZ-Drive software diskette, or your original drive manufacturer. Setting the Jumper: Carefully place the jumper over the two pins. Push the jumper into place until it is firmly seated against the base of the jumper block. J8 Master/Slave/Cable Select Configuration ------------------------------------------- +5-3-1+ Single Drive +5-3-1+ Master Drive |o o o| Configuration |X o o| Configuration |o o o| |X o o| (Dual Drives) +6-4-2+ +6-4-2+ +5-3-1+ Slave Drive +5-3-1+ Cable Select |o X o| Configuration |o o X| Configuration |o X o| (Dual Drives) |o o X| (Dual Drives) +6-4-2+ +6-4-2+ The Caviar can be assigned as either a single, master, or slave drive. Single Drive Mode ----------------- If you are installing the Caviar drive as the only intelligent drive in the system, you do not need install jumpers on the J8 connector. This is considered a standard single drive installation, and no jumpers are required. Note that even with no jumper installed, the Caviar checks the DRIVE ACTIVE/SLAVE PRESENT (DASP) signal to de- termine if a slave intelligent drive is present. If you have a dual installation (two intelligent drives), you must designate one of the drives as the master and the other as the slave drive. The jumper pins on the J8 connector need to be configured for the dual installation. Master Drive Mode ----------------- To designate the drive as the master, place a jumper shunt on pins 5-6. With the Caviar configured as the master drive, the Caviar assumes that a slave drive is present. The jumper on pins 5-6 is optional if the slave drive follows the same protocol (Common Access Method AT Bus Attachment) as the Caviar. Slave Drive Mode ---------------- To designate the drive as the slave, place a jumper shunt on pins 3-4. When the Caviar is configured as the slave drive, the Caviar delays spin up for three seconds after powerup reset. This feature prevents overloading of the power supply during powerup. Cable Select (CSEL) ------------------- Caviar also supports the CSEL signal on the drive cable as a drive address selection. Place a jumper shunt on pins 1-2 to enable this option. When enabled, the drive address is 0 (Master) if CSEL is low or 1 (Slave) if CSEL is high. J3 DC Power and pin connector assignments ------------------------------------------- +------------+ pin 1 +12 V | 4 3 2 1 | pin 2 GND +------------+ pin 3 GND pin 4 + 5 V ********************************************************************** I N S T A L L ********************************************************************** WESTERN CAVIAR INSTALLATION Notes on installation ===================== Installation direction ---------------------- horizontally vertically +-----------------+ +--+ +--+ | | | +-----+ +-----+ | | | | | | | | | +-+-----------------+-+ | | | | | | +---------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +---------------------+ | +-----+ +-----+ | +-+-----------------+-+ +--+ +--+ | | | | +-----------------+ The drive will operate in all axis (6 directions). Before you begin, gather these supplies: Computer system manual Operating system installation disks or CD-ROM Operating system manual Small Phillips screwdriver and flat-blade screwdriver Bootable DOS disk or Windows 95 startup disk Be sure to write down your serial and model numbers and the CCC code. These numbers are located on the drive label. Create a Bootable DOS Disk -------------------------- For single hard drive installations, you must have a bootable DOS disk to install your new hard drive with EZ-Drive. Disk 1 of your standard DOS installation disk set is a bootable disk. If you do not have your original DOS installation disks, you can create a bootable DOS disk if you have a bootable C: hard drive. 1. Insert a blank floppy disk into drive A. 2. At the C: prompt, type format a:/s. Press ENTER. Create a Windows 95 Startup Disk For Windows 95 systems, you must have a bootable DOS or Windows 95 Startup disk to install your new hard drive with EZ-Drive. If using Windows 95, you should create a Windows 95 Startup disk. To create a Windows 95 Startup disk you must have a bootable C: hard drive. 1. Insert a blank floppy disk into drive A. 2. From Windows 95, click My Computer. 3. Click Control Panel. 4. Click Add/Remove Programs. 5. Select the Startup Disk table 6. Click Create Disk. Follow the prompts to create a Windows 95 Startup disk. Back Up Existing Drives ----------------------- Protect your data by backing up your existing hard drive before installing your new Western Digital hard drive. Save the data to removable media such as floppy disks or tape. Most operating systems include a backup utility. Consult your operating system or utilities documentation for backup instructions. Unpacking and Handling the Hard Drive ------------------------------------- Western Digital hard drives are precision instruments and should be handled with care during unpacking and installation. Hard drives are typically damaged by rough handling, shock, vibration, or electrostatic discharge (ESD). Be aware of the following precautions when unpacking and installing your Western Digital hard drive. Do not unpack your hard drive until you are ready to install it. After your Western Digital hard drive is unpacked, place the drive on the static shielding bag on a clean, level, padded work area. Your Western Digital hard drive comes packaged in a static shielding bag. Save the packing materials in case you need to return your hard drive. Shipping your hard drive in anything other than the original packaging or Western Digital supplied or approved materials will void your warranty. To avoid ESD problems, ground yourself by touching the metal chassis of the computer before handling the hard drive. Articles of clothing generate static electricity. Do not allow clothing to come in direct contact with the hard drive or circuit board components. Handle the hard drive by the sides only. Avoid touching the circuit board components. Do not drop or knock the hard drive. Before installation, do not stack hard drives or stand your Western Digital hard drive on its edge. You can, however, mount your hard drive horizontally or vertically. Do not remove the tape seal or any labels from the drive; the warranty will be void. Open Your Computer ------------------ 1. Turn off your system. 2. Discharge static electricity by touching the metal chassis of the computer. 3. Unplug your computer. 4. Remove the computer's outside cover. Consult your computer system manual for details. Be sure to keep all screws and other parts together for easy reassembly. WD Caviar Series 3.5-Inch EIDE Hard Drives (EZ-Drive 9.06W) ----------------------------------------------------------- This document is for use with EZ-Drive 9.06W. Check the version number on the EZ-Drive diskette. DRIVE AC2540 AC2635 AC2700 AC2850 AC21000 AC31000 AC11200 AC21200 AC31200 AC11600 AC21600 AC31600 AC22000 AC12100 AC22500 AC12500 AC33100 AC13200 AC23200 AC33200 AC34000 AC24300 AC34300 AC25100 AC35100 AC36400 AC38400 AC310100 Removing Existing Hard Drives ----------------------------- If replacing an existing drive, follow these instructions. IMPORTANT. Be sure to turn off the system power and unplug the power cord. 1. Disconnect the power cord and IDE interface cable. 2. Remove screws and slide the hard drive out of the drive bay. Handle the hard drive with care. Be careful not to scratch, tear, or remove the tape seal on the drive; this will void the warranty. Step 1. Jumpers --------------- Western Digital hard drives have a jumper block (J8) located next to the 40-pin IDE connector on the hard drive. These jumpers select options on the hard drive. Your hard drive may have either a 6-pin or 10-pin jumper block. The first 6 pins on each jumper block are identical. The additional four pins on the 10-pin jumper block are reserved for future enhancements. The Western Digital hard drive is factory set for single drive installation with a jumper in the neutral storage position (across pins 5-3 or 6-4). The Cable Select jumper option is usually not required. It needs special support in your system hardware. Single Hard Drive Installation ------------------------------ If installing your new Western Digital hard drive as the only hard drive in your system, leave the jumper in the neutral storage position for possible future use. Jumpers are not required for single hard drive installations. Dual Hard Drive Installation ---------------------------- If installing your new Western Digital hard drive with an existing drive on the same IDE interface cable, use a jumper to designate the master (C:) and the slave (D:) drive. If installing your new Western Digital hard drive with an existing drive on separate IDE interface cables, leave the jumper in the neutral storage position for possible future use. The system recognizes each drive as a single, stand-alone drive. Master/slave jumper settings are only used when there are two devices on the same IDE interface cable. Note for Apple Users: Apple systems do not support master/slave configurations. You can only install one EIDE hard drive to each port. This jumper should be repositioned to select the following options: To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the master drive in a two-drive system, place the jumper on pins 5-6. To designate the Western Digital hard drive as the slave drive in a two-drive system, place the jumper on pins 3-4. If installing your new Western Digital hard drive with a non-Western Digital hard drive, obtain jumper configuration information from the EZ-Drive software diskette, or your original drive manufacturer. Setting the Jumper ------------------ Carefully place the jumper over the two pins. Push the jumper into place until it is firmly seated against the base of the jumper block. Step 2. Mounting Hardware ------------------------- Inspect the bay to determine whether it is a 3.5-inch or 5.25-inch bay. The Western Digital hard drive fits into a 3.5-inch bay. If installing the Western Digital hard drive in a 5.25-inch bay, you must install the 5.25-inch mounting hardware that is provided. You might also need to install the system manufacturer's drive rails. Consult your system manual for instructions on how to install a 3.5-inch bay. Installing the 5.25 Mounting Hardware ------------------------------------- This step is not required for hard drive installations into a 3.5-inch drive bay. 1. Gently place the hard drive horizontally (circuit board side down) on top of the static shielding bag placed on a flat, padded surface. 2. Attach the mounting brackets to the hard drive using the screws provided. For proper grounding, be sure to use ALL FOUR screws. IMPORTANT. Be sure to use the screws provided in your hard drive package. Screws that are too long damage circuit board components. Each screw must engage no more than six threads (3/16 inch). Step 3. Drive Rails (Optional) ------------------------------ Some computer systems have 5.25-inch drive bays that require unique sliding drive rails to complete the hard drive installation. Because each system manufacturer has a different type of drive rail, rails are not included with Western Digital hard drives. If your system requires drive rails, contact the computer system manufacturer. The following list provides phone numbers for common system manufacturers. IMPORTANT. Your system must be turned off before connecting or disconnecting the power supply to the drive. 1. Thread the cable through the empty drive bay and slide in the Western Digital hard drive. 2. Attach the end of the 40-pin IDE interface cable to the 40-pin connector on the back of the Western Digital hard drive. Match pin socket 1 on the IDE cable (indicated by a color stripe on the cable) to pin 1 on the Western Digital hard drive. Note for Apple Users: Do not use the IDE interface cable supplied in this package in an Apple system; use an Apple-supplied interface cable only. Pin 40 on an Apple-supplied interface cable is indicated by a color stripe on the cable. 3. Attach the computer system power supply cable to the 4-pin power connector on the back of the Western Digital hard drive. The 4-pin connector is keyed to ensure proper insertion. 4. Single Installations: Attach the end of the 40-pin IDE interface cable from the Western Digital hard drive to the 40-pin connector on the motherboard or controller card. Match pin socket 1 (indicated by a color stripe on the cable) on the IDE interface cable (next to the drive power connector) to pin 1 on the motherboard or controller card. Dual Installations: Connect the two hard drives by using a 40-pin, three-connector IDE interface cable. A 40-pin, three-connector IDE interface cable is included in this hard drive package. Match pin socket 1 on the 40-pin, three-connector IDE cable to pin 1 on the drive's connector. 5. Mount the Western Digital hard drive in the drive bay using the four mounting screws provided. For proper grounding, be sure to use ALL FOUR screws. If your system does not have an extra power connector, purchase a Y-adapter from your computer dealer. 6. Check all cable connections. Replace the system cover. 7. Plug in your computer. 8. See the EZ-Drive Software Installation section for hard drive setup instructions. ********************************************************************** F E A T U R E S ********************************************************************** WESTERN CAVIAR INSTALLATION GUIDE 79-850086-003 SO225 11/98 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION --------------------- Before partitioning and formatting your new hard drive, you need to configure your system BIOS. Your computer system provides an initial setup ability (CMOS Setup) that allows you to tell the system what type of hardware you are using. Configuring the System BIOS --------------------------- Each system BIOS is different. The information supplied here is not meant to be followed step-by-step; it is provided only as a guideline. Refer to your system manual for details. 1. Enter your CMOS setup program (sometimes called the Setup program). Refer to your system manual for instructions IMPORTANT If your system does not respond (locks up) on inintial boot, see Operating System and System BIOS Limitations. 2. Enable options such as LBA or Translation Mode. If you do not have either option, you need to use EZ-Drive to install your new hard drive, upgrade the system BIOS, or install an EIDE controller card with onboard BIOS that supports the full drive capacity. 3. Select an auto config drive type. The full capacity of your drive should display. If your system BIOS does not have an auto config drive type, select user defined and enter 1023 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors for the drive parameters. Selecting user defined ensures that EZ-BIOS will install on your system. If your system BIOS does not have auto config or user defined, select Type 9. Selecting Type 9 ensures that EZ-BIOS will install on your system. EZ-Drive Software Overview -------------------------- EZ-Drive is a software utility that quickly and easily partitions and formats your new hard drive. If needed, EZ-Drive installs added code in the boot sector of your hard drive if it determines that your system BIOS does not support the full capacity of your hard drive. EZ-Drive software is included with the Western Digital hard drive to: - Overcome the 8.4 GB, 2.1 GB, and 528 MB system BIOS limitantions. - Partition and format your new hard drive. - Copy system files needed to boot your new hard drive. - Copy the contents of an existing hard drive onto your new hard drive (optional). If you did not receive EZ-Drive software, you can download it from the Western Digital web site at WWW.WESTERNDIGITAL.COM. Operating System Compatibility ------------------------------ You Can use EZ-Drive software with these operating systems: - DOS 5.0 and above - Windows 98 - Windows 95 - Windows NT 3.51 and 4.0 (do not use alternate jumper settings for hard drives >4.2 GB ) - Windows 3.1x and Windows for Workgroups 3.11 - OS/2 Warp 3.0 and 4.0 IMPORTANT Windows NT 3.51 and 4.0 and OS/2 Warp 3.0 and 4.0 DO NOT support the EZ-Drive floppy boot protection scheme. If using one of these operating systems, you must disable floppy boot protection immediately after installing EZ-Drive. You CANNOT use EZ-Drive with these operating systems: - Macintosh - Novell NetWare - Unix If using a Macintosh computer, partition and format your new hard drive with the Apple Drive Setup software. If using Unix or Novell NetWare, consult your operating system manual to partition and format your hard drive. EZ-BIOS ------- EZ-BIOS is code that installs on the boot sector of the hard drive if your system BIOS does not support the full capacity of your hard drive. EZ-BIOS helps your system overcome the 8.4 GB, 2.1 GB, and 528 MB barriers. See Operating System and System BIOS Limitations. EZ-Drive determines if your system BIOS as set supports the full capacity of your hard drive. If it does, EZ-Drive only partitions and formats the hard drive; it does not install EZ-BIOS. If it does not, EZ-Drive partitions and formats the hard drive and installs EZ-BIOS on the boot sector of the hard drive. Partition and Format -------------------- EZ-Drive automatically partitions and formats your hard drive. You can accept the EZ-Drive default partition sizes or create custom partitions. Since it is difficult to determine if your system BIOS supports 8.4 GB or larger hard drives, we recommend using EZ-Drive 9.06W or later versions. It is a fast and easy way to partition and format your new hard drive. IMPORTANT. DOS, Windows 3.1x, and early versions of Windows 95 use FAT16 file systems which have a 2.1 GB partition limit. You must create multiple partitions on hard drives larger than 2.1 GB. Copying System Files -------------------- EZ-Drive copies system files needed to boot your new hard drive. These files can be copied from your existing hard drive or diskette. Copying Data from an Existing Hard Drive to a New Hard Drive For DOS, Windows 3.1x, Windows 95, Windows 98, and Windows NT systems, use this feature to copy the contents (operating systems, data, hidden files, and programs) of an existing hard drive to your new hard drive. If you use this feature, you do not need to reinstall your operating systems and software programs on your new hard drive. Note: EZ-Drive cannot copy OS/2 HPFS and Windows NT NTFS partitions (some OS/2 and Windows NT systems have these partition types). Software Compatibility ---------------------- Converting Ontrack Disk Manager Partitions to EZ-Drive Partitions: Ontrack Disk Manager and EZ-Drive cannot coexist in the same system. If your existing drive has Ontrack Disk Manager installed, use the EZ-Drive Fully Automatic Install to set up your new hard drive and convert Ontrack Disk Manager boot code to EZ-BIOS. Even though EZ-Drive converts Ontrack Disk Manager partitions to EZ-BIOS partitions without data loss, be sure to back up your existing hard drive before proceeding. Data Compression Software: EZ-Drive is compatible with Stacker, Drivespace, and Doublespace disk compression utilities. Other data compression software may not be compatible. Always back up your data before using any data compression software. Diagnostic Software: Some system manufacturer diagnostic software may be incompatible with EZ-Drive. Hard Disk Device Drivers: Products that use their own hard disk device drivers such as third-party disk controllers and some caching controllers may not be compatible with EZ-Drive. Memory Managers: EZ-Drive is fully compatible with the standard memory managers that come with DOS and Windows. However, EZ-Drive loads in conventional memory and may not be compatible with some third-party memory managers. Using EZ-Drive Software ----------------------- Single Hard Drive Installation ------------------------------ Follow the steps outlined below to set up your hard drive for use in a one-drive system. These steps are a guideline. Depending on your system and hard drive, the EZ-Drive screens you see may be different than those presented here. If installing your hard drive in a multiple-drive system, see the Adding Your New Hard Drive with an Existing Hard Drive section. IMPORTANT: Windows NT 3.51 and 4.0 and OS/2 Warp 3.0 and 4.0 DO NOT support the EZ-Drive floppy boot protection scheme. If using one of these operating systems, you must disable floppy boot protection. 1. Insert the EZ-Drive disk in the drive A. 2. Reboot the system. 3. The EZ-Drive Welcome screen displays. Press any key to continue. 4. The EZ-Drive license agreement scree- displays. Press ENTER to begin installation. 5. From the EZ-Drive main menu, select Fully Automatic Install to have EZ-Drive set up the hard drive. 6. From the EZ-BIOS Required screen, type Y to install EZ-BIOS and access the full capacity of the hard drive. Note: This screen only displays if your system BIOS does not support the full capacity of your new hard drive. 7. From the Copy System Files screen, insert a DOS system disk or a Windows 95 or 98 Startup disk. It is important to insert the same version of the operating system disk as you are planning to install after the EZ-Drive installation. Press ENTER to continue setup. IMPORTANT EZ-Drive copies system files needed to boot the hard drive. It does not install the operating system. You need to complete the operating system installation after installing EZ-Drive. 8. The next two apply if your system supports FAT32 partitions. Proceed to step 9 if your system only supports FAT16 partitions. Select Yes to accept the FAT32 partition, or select No to use multiple FAT16 partitions. Press ENTER. Select Use These Partition Sizes to accept the default partition sizes. Select Enter New Partition Sizes to create custom partitions. To complete the EZ-Drive installation, proceed to Step 10. 9. From the Partition and Format screen, select Use These Partition Sizes to accept the default partition sizes. Select Enter New Partition Sizes to create custom partitions. IMPORTANT DOS, Windows 3.1x, and early versions of Windows 95 use FAT16 file systems which have a 2.1 GB partition limit. You must create multiple partitions on hard drives larger than 2.1 GB. Do not create a partition larger than 2.1 GB (2147 MB). 10. Select Continue Setup to have EZ-Drive set up the hard drive. 11. Your hard drive is now partitioned, formatted, and ready for use. When the Hard Drive Setup Complete screen displays, remove the disk from the floppy drive and press ESC to reboot the system. 12. If EZ-BIOS installed, the following message displays during the system boot. If this message does not display, EZ-BIOS did not install. This message only displays once. See your operating system manual for installation instructions. To install an operating system (OS) from floppy, insert first operating system (OS) Setup Disk into drive A. Type A to begin OS install. Type C to skip OS install and boot to C: 13. If you do not want to install your operating system at this time, type C and follow the instructions in the Installing an Operating System from Floppy Disk with EZ-BIOS Installed. To install your operating system, insert the operating system installation disk 1 and type A. The following message displays. EZ-BIOS: Continuing startup Insert Boot Disk and Press Any Key 14. Press any key to begin operating system installation. Follow the onscreen prompts to complete the installation. The operating system does not need to partition and format the hard drive. EZ-Drive has already set up partitions and formatted the hard drive. Adding Your New Hard Drive with an Existing Hard Drive ------------------------------------------------------ Follow the steps outlined below to set up the hard drive for use in a multiple-drive system. These steps are a guideline. Depending on your system and hard drive, the EZ-Drive screens you see may be different than those presented here. The examples shown are based on rejumpering your existing hard drive as a slave, with your new hard drive in the master position. IMPORTANT Windows NT 3.51 and 4.0 and OS/2 Warp 3.0 and 4.0 DO NOT support the EZ-Drive floppy boot protection scheme. If using one of these operating systems, you must disable floppy boot protection. If copying data from an existing hard drive see page 4. 1. Insert the EZ-Drive disk in the drive A. 2. Reboot the system. Note for Windows Users: EZ-Drive cannot run while Windows is active. 3. The EZ-Drive Welcome screen displays. Press any key to continue. 4. The EZ-Drive license agreement screen displays. Press ENTER to begin installation. 5. From the EZ-Drive main menu, select Fully Automatic Install to have EZ-Drive set up the hard drive. 6. EZ-Drive automatically detects your new Western Digital hard drive and highlights the model number in the lower portion of the screen. If the highlighted drive is the one you need to partition and format, select Yes to have EZ-Drive set up your hard drive. 7. From the EZ-BIOS Required screen, type Y to install EZ-BIOS and access the full capacity of the hard drive. Note: This screen only displays if your system BIOS does not support the full capacity of your new hard drive. 8. Select Copy System Files to make the hard drive bootable. Select Copy Drive... to copy the contents of an existing drive to the new hard drive. 9. The next two options apply if your system supports FAT32 partitions. Proceed to step 10 if your system only supports FAT16 partitions. Select Yes to accept the FAT32 partition, or select No to use multiple FAT16 partitions. Then press ENTER. Select Use this Partition Size to accept the default partition sizes. Select Enter New Partition Sizes to create custom partitions. 10. Select Use These Partition Sizes to create the displayed partitions. Select Enter New Partition Sizes to create custom partitions. IMPORTANT DOS, Windows 3.1x, and early versions of Windows 95 use FAT16 file systems that have a 2.1 GB partition limit. You must create multiple partitions on hard drives larger than 2.1 GB (2147 MB). 11. Select Continue Setup to have EZ-Drive set up the hard drive. 12. When the Hard Drive Setup Complete screen displays, remove any disk from the floppy drive and press ESC to reboot the system. 13. Your hard drive is now partitioned, formatted, and ready for use. To Determine if EZ-BIOS Installed If EZ-BIOS installed on your master drive (Drive 1), the following message displays when you reboot the system. ********************************************************************** G E N E R A L ********************************************************************** WESTERN 8.4GB BARRIER 8.4 GB Capacity Barrier - 3.5-inch EIDE Hard Drives ---------------------------------------------------- Some system BIOSs and operating systems have limitations associated with large capacity hard drives. There are several PC components that have an EIDE hard drive capacity limitation at approximately 8.4 GB. These limitations apply to any hard drive that reports an EIDE capacity of 16320 cylinders x 16 heads x 63 sectors per track or larger. The following is a discussion of how these limitations affect the system BIOS Interrupt 13 functions, the operation of EIDE hard drives, and operating systems. System BIOS Interrupt 13 Functions ---------------------------------- Interrupt 13 (INT 13) Functions: INT 13 Function 8 is the traditional method used by the system BIOS to access hard drives using cylinders, heads, and sectors per track (CHS). Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 contain these values. The maximum values the BIOS can report (1024 cylinders 256 heads, and 63 sectors) have been exceeded by the 8.4 GB and larger hard drive capacities. Because some operating systems do not function properly with 256 heads, all system BIOSs report a maximum number of 255 heads. There are times when a hard drive is large enough that INT 13 Function 8 could report 1024 cylinders. However, it is common for only 1023 cylinders to be reported. The remaining diagnostic cylinder is not made accessible through INT 13 function calls. Extended INT 13 Functions: To utilize the full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, the system BIOS must use extended INT 13 functions. To recognize the full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, extended INT 13 functions use Identify Drive words 60 and 61 rather than words 1, 3, and 6. Many system BIOSs do not support extended INT 13 functions. DOS 6.22 and earlier versions do not recognize or utilize these extended functions even if they exist in the BIOS. Windows 95, Windows 98, and boot disks created with Windows 95, are capable of utilizing these functions and recognizing hard drives larger than 8.4 GB. WDTBLCHK Version 2.00 and later can be used to determine if these functions are present. EIDE Hard Drives System BIOSs and operating systems check the capacity of EIDE hard drives by issuing an Identify Drive command. The hard drive reports the capacity in two ways: 1. The number of cylinders, heads, and sectors per track (in words 1, 3, and 6). 2. The total number of addressable sectors (in words 60 and 61). Most EIDE 8.4 GB hard drives report their capacity as 16383 cylinders, 16 heads, and 63 sectors per track in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. This results in a total number of addressable sectors of 16,514,064 (8455 MB). 8.4 GB is the largest capacity that can be reported with words 1, 3, and 6 because the maximum value these words can hold are 16383x16x63. To determine the true capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB, the system BIOS must access Identify Drive words 60 and 61 and use the total addressable sectors. System BIOS Limitations at 8.4 GB --------------------------------- Many BIOSs do not properly support 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. We recommend using EZ-Drive 9.06W or later. EZ-Drive 9.06W or later supports extended INT 13 functions which allows the BIOS to access the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. EZ-Drive 9.06W can be downloaded from Western Digital's web site at www.westerdigital.com Some of the BIOS issues that may be encountered with 8.4 GB or larger hard drives are: 1. Reporting 0 Heads in INT 13 Function 8. Some BIOSs attempt to use translated geometry but incorrectly report 0 heads in INT 13 Function 8 instead of 255 heads. If Fdisk is run on these systems, it initially appears to function normally. However, a corrupted partition is created which incorrectly reports the drive has 0 heads. DOS hangs, even when booted from a floppy, as soon as it detects this partition. To correct this issue: - Boot to a bootable non-DOS based floppy. EZ-Drive can be used for this purpose. - Boot to the EZ-Drive diskette and set up the drive using EZ-Drive. This repartitions and formats the drive correctly so that the system can boot properly. Failure to Translate or Reporting Much -------------------------------------- Lower Capacities. Some BIOSs will not translate an 8.4 GB hard drive, or will report a capacity significantly less than 8.4 GB. In some cases, an 8.4 GB or larger drive causes INT 13 Function 8 to revert back to what appears to be a 528 MB or less limitation. The solution is to either obtain a BIOS upgrade if possible, or use EZ-Drive 9.06W. Hang During Boot ---------------- Some systems hang after power on when auto-detecting an 8.4 GB hard drive. This hang does not disappear until a less than 8.4 GB drive type is selected in CMOS, making it impossible to utilize the full capacity of the hard drive. The solution is to select a User Defined type that is less than 8.4 GB, and use EZ-Drive 9.06W to set up the hard drive. POST Error During Boot ---------------------- In some systems with proprietary BIOSs you may encounter errors during POST or a failure to boot properly. If this happens it may be necessary to use the Alternate Jumper Settings shown below and set up the hard drive using EZ-Drive. The Alternate Jumper Settings are used to force the drive to report 4092 cylinders in Identify Drive word 1, but still report the true capacity in words 60 and 61. This allows EZ-Drive and the extended INT 13 functions to recognize the true capacity of the hard drive. 240 Head BIOS Translation ------------------------- Many BIOSs report a maximum of 240 heads in INT 13 Function 8, giving a limitation of 7.9 GB (1024x240x63). Some of these BIOSs still support extended INT 13 functions. Windows 95 and Windows 98, which utilize the extended INT 13 functions, recognize the full 8.4 GB or larger capacity. DOS 6.x and Windows 3.x are limited to 7.9 GB because they do not utilize the extended INT 13 functions. Operating System Limitations at 8.4 GB -------------------------------------- 1. DOS 6.x and Windows 3.x. These operating systems do not support extended INT 13 functions so they are dependent on the INT 13 Function 8 BIOS limitation of the system. DOS is limited to a maximum of 1024 cylinders, 255 heads, and 63 sectors per track (16,450,560 addressable sectors or 8423 MB). Therefore, the maximum values DOS can recognize in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 are 16320x16x63 (8423 MB). DOS cannot utilize the full capacity of hard drives larger than 8.4 GB. Single Drive Alternate Jumper Settings -------------------------------------- Dual (Master) Drive Alternate Jumper Settings Dual (Slave) Drive Alternate Jumper Settings Windows 95 & Windows 98 ----------------------- Windows 95 and Windows 98 support extended INT 13 functions, and therefore support 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. However, if the system BIOS does not support extended INT 13 functions, then Windows 95 and Windows 98 are limited by the system BIOS's barrier and cannot support the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. To ensure that Windows 95 and Windows 98 recognize the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives, the system BIOS must support extended INT 13 functions. Windows NT 4.0 -------------- Windows NT 4.0 recognizes the full capacity of hard drives up to the 8.4 GB limit in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. Service Pack 3 is required to recognize hard drives larger than 8.4 GB. Without Service Pack 3, hard drives larger than 8.4 GB are treated as the capacity shown in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6 regardless of what is reported in words 60 and 61 (8.4 GB max.). The first partition in Windows NT 4.0 is limited to 4 GB. During the initial setup, it appears that the full capacity of the hard drive is not recognized. After installing Windows NT, use the Disk Administrator utility that comes with Windows NT to create additional partitions to utilize the full capacity of the 8.4 GB hard drive. Windows NT 4.0 does not require extended INT 13 functions to recognize the full capacity of the hard drive. Windows NT operates the same regardless of whether the extended INT 13 functions are present. OS/2 Warp 4.0 ------------- As of the date of this document, OS/2 Warp cannot be installed properly with 8.4 GB and larger hard drives. IBM is currently working on a patch to correct this. Novell Netware 4.11 ------------------- Novell Netware 4.11 recognizes the full capacity of hard drives up to the 8.4 GB limit in Identify Drive words 1, 3, and 6. Since Novell does not check Identify Drive words 60 and 61, hard drives larger than 8.4 GB are treated as the capacity reported in words 1, 3, and 6 (8.4 GB maximum). Novell Netware does not use extended INT 13 functions, so it cannot support larger than 8.4 GB hard drives. Conclusion ---------- The limitations of your system BIOS and your operating system combined determine your overall system limitation. For example, if your operating system recognizes extended BIOS functions, but your system BIOS has a 2.1 GB hard drive barrier, you are limited to your system BIOS's 2.1 GB hard drive barrier. Conversely, if your operating system does not recognize extended BIOS functions, but your system BIOS supports 8.4 GB hard drives, you are limited to your operating system's capability. Your system limitation is based on the lowest functioning barrier. To utilize the full capacity of 8.4 GB and larger hard drives, your system BIOS and operating system must support extended INT 13 functions. Since it is difficult to determine if your system BIOS supports 8.4 GB or larger hard drives, we recommend using EZ-Drive 9.06W or later. EZ-Drive 9.06W or later can determine whether or not your system BIOS properly supports the full capacity of your hard drive. If it does not, EZ-Drive installs EZ-BIOS on the boot sector of the hard drive to support the full capacity of your 8.4 GB or larger hard drive. If your system BIOS supports your hard drive, EZ-Drive does not install EZ-BIOS.