P R O D R I V E 4 2 5 S QUANTUM NO MORE PRODUCED Native| Translation ------+-----+-----+----- Form 3.5"/HH Cylinders 1520| | | Capacity form/unform 426/ MB Heads 9| | | Seek time / track 14.0/ 4.0 ms Sector/track | | | Controller SCSI2 SINGLE-ENDED Precompensation Cache/Buffer 256 KB SEGMENTED Landing Zone Data transfer rate 1.530 MB/S int Bytes/Sector 512 10.000 MB/S ext SYNC Recording method RLL 1/7 operating | non-operating -------------+-------------- Supply voltage 5/12 V Temperature *C 4 55 | -40 60 Power: sleep W Humidity % 8 85 | 5 95 standby W Altitude km -0.061 3.048| -0.061 12.192 idle 11.5 W Shock g 10 | 60 seek 12.8 W Rotation RPM 3606 read/write W Acoustic dBA 45 spin-up W ECC Bit 48,WITH 11BIT BURST COR MTBF h 150000 Warranty Month 24 Lift/Lock/Park YES Certificates CSA,FCC,SDA,TUV,UL1950,VDE ********************************************************************** L A Y O U T ********************************************************************** QUANTUM PRODRIVE 425S PRODUCT MANUAL 81100377-01, FEBRUARY 1992 +----------------------------------------------------------+ | A2 A1 A0 | | JP1 +-+-+-++-+-+-+ RP12++|XX | +-+-+-++-+-+-+ |||XX | SS EP WS |||XX | ++|XX | RP11++|XX SCSI | Terminators|||XX J2 | |||.X | ++|XX | RP10++|XX | |||XX | |||XX | ++|XX | |XX | | 1 ++ |XX ++ LED |XX J3 +----------------------------------------------------------+ 1 ********************************************************************** J U M P E R S ********************************************************************** QUANTUM PRODRIVE 425S PRODUCT MANUAL 81100377-01, FEBRUARY 1992 Jumper Setting ============== x = Jumper set at factory Jumper Options -------------- +---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | Jumper | Setting | Description | +---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | SS | OPEN x | Self-seek test disabled | | | CLOSED | Self-seek test enabled | +---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | EP | CLOSED x | Parity checking enabled | | | OPEN | Parity checking disabled | +---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | WS | OPEN x | Wait/Spin disabled | | | CLOSED | Wait/Spin enabled | +---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ | A2 | CLOSED x | A0, A1, and A2 are used in combination to | | A1 | CLOSED x | determine the drive's SCSI ID. The default| | A0 | OPEN x | value is six. | +---------+-----------+-------------------------------------------+ SS Self-Seek Jumper -------------------- Quantum ships the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive from the factory with no Self-Seek (SS) jumper installed- that is, with the self-seek test disabled. To enable the Self-Seek test, install a the SS jumper. When the SS jumper is installed, the drive initiates a self-seek test. During the self-seek test, the drive can execute any command that does not require a disk access. When the self-seek test begins, the drive-activity LED (Light-Emitting Diode) lights and remains on as long as the test proceeds without error. The drive executes seeks in butterfly pattern. Each butterfly seek pattern starts and ends with a seek to cylinder 256, where the drive verifies the sector ID. If the vertification detects a seek error, the self-seek test terminates immediately and the LED flashes continously until the SS jumper is removed. When the SS jumper is removed, the drive completes the seek pattern in progress and turns off the LED. The drive attempts no error recovery and is ready to execute any command. EP Enable Parity Jumper ------------------------ The Enable Parity (EP) jumper controls parity checking across the SCSI bus. Installing the EP jumper enables parity checking. Quantum ships ProDrive 425S hard disk drive from the factory with the EP jumper installed. Removing the EP jumper disables parity checking. The drive still generates parity, but does not perform parity check- ing. When the jumper is changed, the new setting takes effect at the next power on. WS Wait/Spin Jumper -------------------- The Wait/Spin (WS) jumper controls the Wait/Spin option. Quantum ships the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive from the factory with no WS jumper installed - that is, with the Wait/spin option disabled. With the Wait/Spin option disabled at power-on, the motor starts spinning automatically and the drive is ready within 20 seconds. To enable Wait/Spin option, install the WS jumper. With the WS jumper installed at power-on, the motor does not start to spin until the host sends a START/STOP UNIT command. This delay permits power sequencing, preventing the system power supply from be- ing overloaded by simultaneous demands for peak start current from multiple devices. Once the drive receives the START/STOP UNIT command, it is ready within 20 seconds. A2/A1/A0 SCSI-Bus Device Identification ---------------------------------------- The SCSI bus can support up to eight devices, including the host system. The identification number of each device determines its priority level. Prior to installing the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive, you must choose its SCSI-device identification number. Jumpers installed across three pair of jumper pins - A2, A1 and A0 - in various combinations permit the assignment of the drive's identification number. These three pairs of jumper together comprise a 3-bit binary number, in which A2 is the most-significant bit and A0 is the least significant bit. With a jumper installed, a pair of pins represents a 1; with no jumper installed a 0. Thus, with jumpers installed across all of the pins, the device identification is 7; without jumpers installed, the device identification is 0. Quantum ships the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive from the factory with the A2 and A1 jumpers installed - that is, the drive's default SCSI-device identification is 6. If the jumpers are changed, the new device identification takes effect at the next power on. +----------+-----------------------+ | SCSI ID | Jumpers | | | A2 | A1 | A0 | +----------+-------+-------+-------+ | 0 | OPEN | OPEN | OPEN | | 1 | OPEN | OPEN | CLOSED| | 2 | OPEN | CLOSED| OPEN | | 3 | OPEN | CLOSED| CLOSED| | 4 | CLOSED| OPEN | OPEN | | 5 | CLOSED| OPEN | CLOSED| |x 6 | CLOSED| CLOSED| OPEN | | 7 | CLOSED| CLOSED| CLOSED| +----------+-------+-------+-------+ The SCSI bus supports up to eigth devices, including the host system. A device's identification number determines its priority and must be unique in the system. Driver Terminators ------------------ On the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive, three resistor networks installed in sockets on the PCB terminate the SCSI bus. Quantum ships the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive from the factory with the terminating resistors installed. On a SCSI bus, only the first device - usually the host - and the last device can contain terminating resistors. When installing the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive in any other position on the bus, remove the terminating resistors. When using the ProDrive 425S with a differential SCSI Adapter Kit where the TERM PWR line is used to provide power to external terminating resistors, remove the termination resistors from the hard disk drive, and add an i-line termination resistor pack between the differential SCSI adapter kit 50 pin SCSI connector and the 50-pin connector on the SCSI flat cable. ********************************************************************** I N S T A L L ********************************************************************** QUANTUM PRODRIVE 425S PRODUCT MANUAL 81100377-01, FEBRUARY 1992 Notes on Installation ===================== Orientation The ProDrive 425S can be mounted in ANY orientation. #6-32 UNC screws are recommended for mounting. Note With the exception of the faceplate and integral mounting bracket, clearance between the drive and any other surface must be a minimum of 0.10 inch. CAUTION: The PCB is very close to the mounting holes. Do not exceed the specified length for the mounting screws. The specified screw length allows full use of the mounting-hole threads, while avoiding damaging or placing unwanted stress on the PCB. To avoid stripping the mounting-hole threads, the maximum torque applied to the screws must not exceed 8 inch-pounds. Ventilation ----------- The ProDrive 425S hard disk drive operates without a cooling fan, provided the ambient air temperature does not exceed 131*F (55*C). Any user-designed cabinet should provide adequate air circulation to prevent the maximum temperature from being exceeded. J3 DC Power Connector --------------------- The DC power connector (J3) is a 4-pin Ranoda Molex connector 8981- 4SM3 or equivalent, mounted on the back edge of the Printed-Circuit Board (PCB). +----------+ |4 3 2 1| +----------+ Recommended connectors and their numbers: 4-pin connector: AMP P/N 1-480424-0 or equivalent Loose-piece contacts: AMP P/N 60619-4 or equivalent Strip contacts: AMP P/N 61117-4 or equivalent pin 1 +12 VDC pin 2 +12 Volts Return (Ground) pin 3 + 5 Volts Return (Ground) pin 4 + 5 VDC Note: Pins 2 and 3 are connected on the drive. J2 SCSI Connector ------------------ The SCSI cable connector (J2) on the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive is a 50-pin universal header. Note: A key slot on the header prevents the incorrect installation of the header connector on the SCSI cable. To prevent the header connector on the SCSI cable from being plugged in backwards, use only a keyed header connector. Recommended header connectors and their part numbers: 50-pin connector (without strain relief) AMP P/N 1-746195-2 or equivalent 50-pin connector (with strain relief) AMP P/N 1-499508-2 or equivalent LED Operation ------------- Whenever the drive initiates the execution of a command, a green LED on the faceplate lights, and remains lit until the execution of the command is complete, disconnectec, or aborted. Air Filtration -------------- ProDrive Series hard disk drives are Winchster-type drives. The heads fly very close to the media surface, with a nominal flying height of 6 microinches. Therefore, it is essential that the air circulating within the drive be kept free of paticles. Quantum assembles the drive in a Class-100, purified air environment, then seals the drive with a metal cover. When the drive is in use, the rotation of the disks forces the air inside the drive through an internal filter. SCSI Electrical Characteristics ------------------------------- All signals are asserted, or true, at the low level, and use open- collector drivers terminated at each end of the cable with 220 ohms to +5 volts (nominal) and 330 ohms to ground. On the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive, resistor networks in sockets terminate the lines. Note To connect multiple devices on a SCSI bus, remove the terminating resistors on all but the two devices at the cable ends. Each signal driven by the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive has the following output characteristics: - True (signal assertion) = 0.0 to 0.5 volts DC at 48 milliamperes (maximum) - False (signal deassertion) = 2.5 to 5.25 volts DC Each signal from the host to the ProDrive 425S hard disk drive must have the following characteristics, as measured at the drive: - True (signal assertion) = 0.0 to 0.8 volts DC - False (signal deassertion) = 2.5 to 5.25 volts DC The ProDrive 425S hard disk drive uses a standard 50-pin SCSI-bus connector (J2) - providing a single-ended, non shielded connection. The maximum cable length is 20 ft (6 meters). Odd pins are grounded with the exception of Pin 25, which is not connected. -------------------------------------------------------------------- DIFFERENTIAL SCSI ADAPTER KIT ----------------------------- The adapter kit consists of a printed-circuit board (PCB) assembly with flex circuit, a plastic connector protector, and retainer clip. +-+------+ 8-pin |x| | Header+-+--+ |Flex Cable | | | | +--+ | | +--+ | | +-----------------------------+---+ Drive +----+|XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXDrive SCSI Connector Power |XXXX||XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX | Connector++++++|+-------------------------------+| |||| ||::::::::::::::::*::::::::::::::||Differential SCSI +--++++-++-------------------------------+|Connector | xxx+| | | xxx-+ DIFFERENTIAL PCB | | | | XXXXXX System Power Connector | +-----------------------------------------+ Precautions ----------- The installation of the differential SCSI adapter kit is simple and straightforward. However, before installation you should be aware of the following precautions. 1. Static Electricity. The integrated circuits used on the differential adapter and the disk drive are sensitive to static electricity. Just prior to handling the adapter board, be sure to discharge the static electricity from your body by wearing a properly grounded wrist strap or touching a grounded object (a metal water pipe, bare metal part of the system chasis or the adapter's disk drive housing). Failure to take this precaution, may damage the drive or the adapter PCB circuitry. 2. Flex Cable Damage. The adapter board comes with a flex cable. The flex cable is used to connect the adapter kit to the drive. It should be handled gently. 3. Disk Drive Damage. Disk drives should be handled with care. Be careful to not subject the drive unnecessary shock or roughness. This will ensure that you do not cause damage to the drive or its data. 4. Compatibility. Only the following Quantum drives and adapters should be used together: Drive Adapter Kit ProDrive 425S D_425 Adapter PCB Installation ------------------------ Push the adapter SCSI connector into the mating connector on the drive. Next, push the 4-pin power connector of the adapter into the mating connector on the drive. Removal fo Terminating Resistors -------------------------------- Remove resistor packs RP10, RP11, RP12. Flex Cable Installation ----------------------- ------------------------------------------------------+ 8-pin | CONNECT FLEX CABLE**** JP1+-+-++-+-+-+ ++|XX HERE! **** +-+-+-++-+-+-+ |||XX |||XX A flex cable connects the differential SCSI adapter to the PCB. The free end of the flex cable contains an 8-pin female header. Secure the flex cable to the underside of the PCB by gently bending the cable and aligning the four guide holes in the cable with the four outer pins of RP12, then push the cable so that the pins go through the holes snugly. This can be accomplished by using a pair of tweezers or similar tool. Plug the header at the end of the flex cable should be facing upwards (the flex cable side goes onto the header pin first). In order to keep the flex cable routed properly, use the pressure-sensitive adhesive strips attached to the flex cable. (Before attaching the flex cable to the drive remove the protective covering on the pressure-sensitive adhesive strips.) Secure the flex cable to the tops of the two large ICs (U21, U10). Connector Protector and Retainer Clip Attachment ------------------------------------------------ With the adapter board securely connected to the drive, and with the flex cable installed, cover the soldered ends of the upper two rows of connector pins on the adapter PCB with the plastic protector (groove side facing out). Next, attach the retainer clip (it holds the protector securely to the adapter PCB). To do this, first hook the left end of the clip into the 50-pin connector. Then, holding the clip near the right end with needle-nose pliers, "wrap" the clip around the connector protector and hook the right end of the clip into the end of the connector. Drive Cable Connection ---------------------- The system differential SCSI cable and power cables can now be connected. Insert them into the appropriate connectors on the adapter. This complete the installation. The drive is now ready to receive power and to operate as a differential SCSI device. Differential Adapter Board -------------------------- The differential SCSI adapter board consists of a small PCB that translates all SCSI-bus signals coming from the drive single-ended to differential, and translates signals to the drive from differential to single-ended. The adapter board contains two 50-pin connectors. The single-ended female SCSI connector (P1) mates to the matching 50-pin connector on the drive. The differential male SCSI connector (J2) provides for connection to a differential host system. System power is relayed to the drive by means of two 4-pin power connectors. P3 is a 4-pin female connector that attaches to the power connector on the drive, and J3 is a 4-pin male connector that receives power from the system. A flexible cable connects 5 proprietary control and 3 drive ID lines from the PCB on the main drive to the differential adapter board through connector P6. Cable Requirements ------------------ Ordinary 50-pin flat cable (non-twisted pair) is not recommended for use in a differential SCSI system due to excessive crosstalk at very short distances. Either twisted-pair flat cable or 25 twisted-pair regular cable (non-flat) having the following characteristics is recommended: Characteristic impedance: 90 to 132 ohms Signal attenuation: 0.095 dB maximum per meter @ 5 MHz Pair to pair propagation delta: 0.20 ns maximum per meter DC resistance: 0.230 ohms maximum per meter Total cable length: 25 meters maximum Stub length: 0.2 meters maximum Mixing cable types on the same SCSI bus - such as twisted-flat to twisted-round twisted-flat - is specifically discouraged due to the resultant impedance discontinuities and signal reflections. Difference Fron Single-Ended Operation -------------------------------------- The differential signals found in the operation of the differential SCSI adapter differ from normal single-ended SCSI signals. The signals in a differential SCSI-bus can assume three different states - true, false, and released. A signal is false when +SIGNAL is asserted (high) and -SIGNAL is deasserted (low). A signal is false when +SIGNAL is deasserted (low) and -SIGNAL is asserted (high). A signal is released when both +SIGNAL and -SIGNAL are neither asserted nor deasserted (tri-state). Also, in a differential SCSI-bus, there are no "OR-tied" signals, as there are in a single-ended SCSI bus. Furthermore, under no circumstances may a device drive any signal to a state other than that to which it is already being driven by another device. NOTE Going from single-ended to differential causes no degradation in data transfer rates. Interface Characteristics ------------------------- All active signals on the differential SCSI interface consist of two lines designated +SIGNAL and -SIGNAL, where SIGNAL is the name of a particular line. A signal is true when +SIGNAL is a minimum of 200 millivolts more positive than -SIGNAL. A signal is false when -SIGNAL is a minimum of 200 millivolts more positive than +SIGNAL. All signals should be terminated at the end of the cable with a 150 ohm resistor between +SIGNAL and -SIGNAL, a 330 ohm resistor between -SIGNAL and +5V (TERMPWR), and a 330 ohm resistor between +SIGNAL and ground. The differential adapter board has no provision for internal termination. The DIFFSENS signal on the connector is used solely for the purpose of automatically disabling the differential drivers should a single-ended cable be inadvertently connected to the differ- ential adapter board. Each pair of differential signals driven by the adapter board has the following characteristics: Signal assertion: 0 to 1.7 VDC @ 55 mA (maximum) Signal deassertion: 2.7 to 5.25 VDC @ 55 mA (maximum) Differential voltage: 1.0 VDC (min.) with a common mode voltage range of -7 to +12 VDC Also, all outputs conform to the EIA RS-485-1983.1 standard for balanced digital multipoint communication. Each pair of differential signals driven by the host system must have the following characteristics: Signal assertion: 0 to 1.7 VDC Signal deassertion: 2.7 to 5.25 VDC Differential voltage: 1.0 VDC (min.) with a common mode voltage range of -7 to +12 VDC ********************************************************************** F E A T U R E S ********************************************************************** QUANTUM PRODRIVE 425S PRODUCT MANUAL 81100377-01, FEBRUARY 1992 General Description ------------------- The Quantum ProDrive Series is a broad family of high-performance, 3 1/2-inch form factor hard drives manufactured to meet the highest product-quality standards. These drives use nonremovable rigid disks as their storage media, have formatted capacities that range from 40 to 426 megabytes, and are available with various interfaces. Indroduction ------------ The ProDrive 425S intelligent hard disk drive features the Small Computer System Interface 2 (SCSI-2) and use powerful SCSI commands to optimize system performance. Because the drives manage defects and error recovery internally, these operations are fully transparent to the user. NOTE As defined by Quantum a megabyte is 1,000,000 bytes. Reliability ----------- Mean Time Between Failures (MTBF): 150,000 Power On Hours (POH), Preventive Maintenance (PM): Not required Mean Time To Repair (MTTR): 30 minutes Start/Stop: 10,000 cycles (minimum) Seek Times/Miscellaneous Times: ------------------------------ Times | Typical | Nominal | Maximum | msec. | Nominal | Condition | Worst-Case | | Condition | | Condition | -----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ Single Track Seek | 4 | 5 | 5 | Average Seek | 14 | 15.5 | 16.5 | Read-on Arrival | 13 | 14.5 | 15.5 | Third-Stroke Seek | 15 | 16.5 | 17.5 | Full-Stroke Seek | 27 | 30 | 33 | Average Rotational | | | | Latency | 8.3 | --- | --- | Sequential Head Switch | 4 | --- | --- | Power-Up Time | 20 | 20 | 20 | -----------------------+-----------+-----------+------------+ Seek time is the time required for the actuator to seek and settle on track. Quoted seek times include head settling time, but not command overhead or rotational latency time. Seek time is measured by averaging 1000 seeks of the indicated length. Average seek time is the average time of 1000 random seeks. When a seek error occurs, recovery for that seek may take up to two seconds. Media Quality ------------- The ProDrive 425S hard disk drive features automatic defect management, making the manual identification of defects unneccessary. Defect management is completely transparent to the user. Track Format ------------ Zone |User Sec./Cyl. MB/Sec. ------------+------------------------- Inner 7| 394 1.53 6| 439 1.70 5| 484 1.87 4| 529 2.05 3| 574 2.22 2| 610 2.36 1| 655 2.53 Outer 0| 700 2.71 Error Rates ----------- A data error occurs whenever the drive fails to read or write a sector of data correctly. An error detected when reading may be correctable or uncorrectable. When a data error occurs, if the data can be transferred successfully using the drive's default error- recovery algorithm, the data error is recoverable; otherwise, it is unrecoverable. The miscorrection rate indicate the frequency with which the drive transfers incorrect read data, due to faulty ECC correction using the default error-recovery algoritm. If a data error recurs on each of eight retries, it is a read error; otherwise it is a soft error. Hard errors generally occur due to media defects. Defect Detection ---------------- At sector level, any discrepancy between recorded data and recovered data constitutes a data error. In high-density digital recording systems, it is necessary to use an error-detection and correction scheme to enhance the performance and increase the reliability of the system. Data errors are either soft - correctable on retries and not readily repeatable - or hard - repeatable with high probability. The signal-to-noise ratio of the system affects the occurrence of soft errors, which represent marginal conditions of the media, heads, read/write circuitry. Hard errors occur due to defects, pits, scratches, or thin spots in the media. The drive can detect and skip defective sectors on the media. Thus, the drive will not use defective sectors for storage. Factory-Found Defects --------------------- At the factory, Quantum scan the disks for defective sectors and deallocates sectors containing defects prior to shipment. The drive records a primary defect list that contains the locations of all factory-found defective sectors in a reserved cylinder on the disk. The defects are spared in-line. In-line sparing skips each factory- found defects and shifts subsequent sectors on the track to sequential sectors. Two sectors at the end of each cylinder are spares, or replacement sectors. The drive allocates spare sectors as required to maintain the proper number of blocks per cylinder. Acoustics --------- Idle Mode: 45 dBA maximum, at 1 foot in any direction Power Sequencing ---------------- If power is applied or removed during drive operation, no data will be lost or damaged, with the powwible exception that data may be lost in the sector being written at the time of the power loss. During power-up or power-down, the drive can sustain transient voltages be- tween +10% and -100% of the nominal voltage, and can sustain the shorting out or opening up to either voltage or return line. Power Reset Limit ----------------- The following power resets limits are measured at the drive power connector: +5V 4.65 V +12V 10.50 V While powering up, the drive remains reset, or inactive, until the voltages applied exceed both power reset limits. The drive becomes reset when either supply voltage drops below the lower threshold. The minimum hysteresis is 50 mV. Automatic Actuator Lock ----------------------- To ensure data integrity and prevent damage during shipment, all ProDrive Series hard disk drives feature a dedicated landing zone and Quantum's patented AIRLOCK. AIRLOCK, locks the headstack in the landing zone. It consists of an airvane mounted near the perimeter of the disk stack and a locking arm that restrains the actuator arm assembly when the disks are not rotating. When DC power is applied to the motor and the disk stack rotates, the rotation generates an airflow on the surface of the disk. As the flow of air across the airvane increases with disk ratation, the locking arm pivots away from the actuator arm, enabling the headstack to move out of the landing zone. When DC power is removed from the motor, a return mechanism automatically pulls the actuator into the landing zone, where the AIRLOCK holds it in place. DisCache -------- Quantum's proprietary, look-ahead, caching scheme - provides faster access to data on the disk by anticipating host-system requests for data. DisCache prefetches data into a three segment cache in high- speed RAM (Random-Access Memory). When the host requests data pre- fetched to the cache, the drive accesses the cache, rather than the disk. The ProDrive 425S hard disk drive uses an advanced continuous- prefetch algorithm. When the drive receives a READ command that re- quests data currently in the cache, it continues to prefetch data. The 64 kilobyte segment containing the oldest data is the segment that gets updated with new read data.